RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVMENTS OF
JUTE RESEARCH STATION, JAJANGA, KENDRAPARA
Jute and Allied Fibres (mesta, sunnhemp, ramie and sisal) are natural fibres of commercial importance that play an important role in Indian economy. Fibre of commerce is extracted from the stem of the two cultivated species of Jute (Corchorus capsu/aris and Corchorus o/itorius), mesta (Hibiscus cannabinus and Hibiscus sabdariffa), sunnhemp (Crota/aria juncea), ramie (Boehmeria nivea) and from leaf of sisal (Agave sp.). Fibres are mostly used as packaging materials, sackings, ropes, Jute blended yarns, jute decorative fabrics and many such diversified products. In spite of tremendous competition from synthetics it has sustained, as it is cheap and biodegradable and environment friendly natural fibres.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The Jute Research Station, Kendrapara was established during 1956-57 as sub station of the Jute Agricultural Research Institute (lA.R.i.) of Barraackpore under Govt. of India. Subsequently this Research Station was transferred to the Government of Orissa in 1962,but the work was continued as per the technical programme formulated by J.A.R.I., Barrackpore. The Research and Development Scheme of the State Government was reinforced through implementation of the ICAR Project " All India Coordinated Research Project on Jute and Allied Fibres" in 1968-69. The State Government handed over this project to Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar in March 1973.
LOCATION
The Research Station is situated on the side of Cuttack-Chandbali road at Jajanga, which is 5 km away from Kendrapara district headquarters. It is located at 19°34' N latitude and 86°30' E longitude and its altitude is 8.0 M above the mean sea leveL This Research Station comes under South Coastal plain zone of Orissa. Total Area of the farm is 18.65 ha. out of which 2.4 ha is allotted to Jute Research Station and remaining area to Krishi Vigyan Kendra.
OBJECTIVES
1. To evolve suitable Jute varieties with good yield potential and adaptable to this agro-c1imatic conditions through multidisciplinary proach.
2. To test the accessions/strains either developed at this Research Station or other Research Stations of the country, and studies their adaptability and yield potential in the agro-c1imatic condition.
3. To develop improved agronomical practices and to find out low cost fibre production technology.
4. To study the pattern of disease and pest occurrence and to devise ecologically sound and economically viable pest and disease management strategies in jute
Table l : Jute Cultivation in Kendrapara District for 2005-06
Name of Block |
Area (ha) |
I. Kendrapara |
287 |
2. Derabish |
410 |
3. Marshaghai |
650 |
4. Garadpur |
215 |
5. Mahakalapada |
310 |
6. Pattamundai |
105 |
7. Rajanagar |
30 |
8. Ranakanika |
135 |
9. Aul |
10 |
Total |
2152 |
Table 2: Recommended varieties of white Jute (c. capsularis) for the state
Name ofvariety |
Year of
release |
Averageyield (q/ha) |
Significant Attributes |
Area recommended |
JRC 321
(Sonali) |
1954 |
20-25 |
Pods non-shattering type:
Optimum sowing time late
February to late March produce finest quality fibre (1.5 tex):
suitable for jute-cotton blended
yarn and fabric. |
Suitable for low laying flood prone area |
JRC
212(Sabuja
Sona) |
1954 |
25-28 |
Pods non-shattering type:
Optimum sowing time mid March
to mid April |
Suitable formedium and high
land of entirecapsularis belt |
JRe 7447
(Shyamali) |
1971 |
28-30 |
Pods non-shattering type: Capable
of utilizing higher dose of N
fertilizer. Suitable for mid March
to mid April sowing |
Medium and upland of entire capsularis Jute belt |
JRC 4444
(Baladev) |
1980 |
30-32 |
Pods non-shattering type:
Optimum sowing time early
March to mid April |
Released from Jute Research Station, Kendrapara |
UPC 94
(Reshma) |
1983 |
25-27 |
Pods non-shattering type
Optimum sowing time late
February to late March |
Suitable for medium and high
land of entire capsularis belt |
Padma |
1983 |
25-28 |
Pods non-shattering type:
Optimum sowing time late
February to late March |
Capsularis jute belt. Suitable for
low laying flood prone areas |
KC-I
(Jayadev) |
1992 |
26-33 |
Pods non-shattering type:
Optimum sowing time early
March to mid April |
Released from Jute Research Station,Kendrapara |
JRC 698
(Shrabanti) |
1999 |
30-35 |
Pods non-shattering type:
Optimum sowing time mid March to mid April; fine quality fibre |
Suitable for low-lying flood prone areas |
Bidhan Pat-3 |
2000 |
25-27 |
Pods non-shattering type: Photo-
period insensitive, optimum
sowing time between early March to early July and harvesting by 110 days after sowing; suitable for paper pulp industry |
Low lying flood prone areas |
Bidhan Pat-I |
2001 |
13-14 |
Pods non-shattering type: Photo-
period insensitive, optimum
sowing time between early March to early August and can be harvested in 60-65 days |
Flood prone areas |
Bidhan Pat-2 |
2001 |
20-23 |
Pods non-shattering type: Photo
period insensitive, optimum
sowing time between early March to early July and can be harvested in 90-100 days |
Flood prone areas
|
Table 3: Recommended varieties of tossa Jute (c. Olitorius.) for the state
Name of
variety |
Year of
release |
Average
yield (q/ha) |
Significant Attributes |
Area recommended |
C. OUlorius |
JRO 632
(Baisakhi
Tossa) |
1954 |
30-32 |
Suitable for late sowing.
Optimum sowing time mid April
to end April; Pods shattering
type |
Medium and upland |
JRO 878
(Chaitali
Tossa) |
1967 |
30-32 |
Suitable for mid March to end
April sowing; pods non-
shattering; better fibre fineness
and strength |
Medium and upland |
JRO 7835
(Basudev) |
1971 |
32-34 |
Pods non-shattering, Suitable for
early sowing, Optimum sowing
time mid March to end April,
withstand water logging to some
extent at later phase of growth |
Medium and upland
non suitable for low lying and high rainfall areas |
JRO 524
(Navin) |
1977 |
34-36 |
Pods non-shattering; Suitable for
early sowing; optimum sowing
time mid March to mid April
least susceptible to yellow mite
pest and is resistant to root rot
diseases, rets better, most widely
cultivated Jute variety (covers
80% of jute area) |
Medium and upland |
TJ 40
(Mahadev) |
1983 |
30-35 |
Pods shattering type; optimum
sowing time mid April to end
April |
Released from Jute
Research Station,
Kendrapara |
JRO 3690
(Savitri) |
1985 |
30-33 |
Pods non-shattering type;
optimum sowing time mid
March to late April |
Medium and upland |
KOM 62
(Rebati) |
1992 |
30-35 |
Pods non shattering type
optimum sowing time mid
March to late April |
Released from Jute
Research Station,
Kendrapara |
JRO 66
(Golden
Jubilee Tossa) |
1998 |
35-40 |
Non shattering pod, fibre
quality ofTD2 grade; Most
ideal for mid April to early
May sowing |
Entire toss jute belt. |
JRO 8432
(Shakti) |
1999 |
35-40 |
Suitable for mid March
sowing, Premature flowering
resistant, Non-shattering pod |
Medium and upland of
entire jute belt |
JRO 128
(Surya) |
2002 |
32-38 |
Pods non-shattering type.
Optimum sowing time mid
March to end of April. Very
good fibre quality which will
satisfy the present day demand
of the jute industry for making
value added products |
Entire olitorius jute
growing belt. |
Table 4:Production Technology generated and transferred
|
C. capsularis |
C. olitorius |
Variety |
JRC 7447, JRC 4444, KC-I
JRC212 |
JRO 524, JRO 878, JRO 7835, TJ 40,
JRO 3690, KOM 62, JRO 66, JRO
8432, JRO 128 |
Time of sowing |
Refer variety table -Mid March
to end April |
First fortnight of April |
Method of sowing |
Line sowing |
Line sowing |
Spacing |
30 cm x 5-7 cm |
25 cm x 5-7 cm |
Seed Rate |
4- 6 kg /ha |
3-4 kg /ha |
Seed Treatment |
Seed treatment with Mancozeb 3
g/ kg or carbendazim 2 g /kg |
Seed treatment with Mancozeb
3 g /kg-lor carbendazim 2 g /kg |
Nutrient Management |
Under rainfed condition N, P205,
K20 (60: 30:30 kg/ha) + organic
matter 5 t /ha (FYM or locally
available sources
N is to be applied in 2 splits-4-6
weeks and 6-8 weeks after
sowing
Liming @ 2.5 t ha-I in acid soils
having pH 5.5 or below (once in
3 years) /Dolomite 10-15 kg ha·1
is recommended |
Under rain fed up land condition N,
P205, K20 (40:20:20 kg/ha)+ organic
matter (FYM or locally available
sources) @ 5 t/ ha
N is to be applied in 2 splits 4-6
weeks and 6-8 weeks after sowing
Liming @ 2.5 t ha-I acid soils having
pH 5.5 or below (once in 3
years)/Dolomite 10-15 kg ha" is
recommended. |
Weed Management |
Two hand weeding at 3 and 5
W AS found to give best weed
control but is time consuming
and labour intensive
Trifluralin (0.75 to 1.0 kg a.i.lha)
as pre-plant soil incorporation I
day before sowing and/or post
emergence application of
Quizalofop ethyl (50 to 75 gm
a.i./ha) at 21 days after sowing
gives better weed kill and
cheaper than hand weeding.
Mulching with organic wastes
(10 t/ha) or intercropping with
red amaranth has given
promising results. |
Two hand weeding at 3 and 5 WAS
found to give best weed control but is
time consuming and labour intensive
Trifluralin (0.75 to 1.0 kg a.i./ha) as
pre-plant soil incorporation 1 day
before sowing and/ or post emergence
application of Quizalofop ethyl (50 to
75 gm a.i./Iha) at 21 days after sowing
gives better weed kill and cheaper
than hand weeding.
Mulching with organic wastes
(10t/ha) or intercropping with red
amaranth has given promising results. |
Cropping system |
Jute - Mustard - Cowpea
Jute- Groundnut
Jute - Rice - Green gram |
Rain fed upland
Rain fed lowland |
Crop Protection |
Major Insect Pests and
their management |
Stem weevil (Apion corchori). Jute semilooper (Anomis sabulifera),
yellow mite (Polyphagotersonamus latus), Bihar hairy caterpillar
(Diacrisia oblique).
Control measures
Endosulfan or Chlorpyriphos @ 2 ml per litre of water - 2 sprays
(depending upon the intensity of infestation) at an interval of 15-20 days
is recommended. For control of Bihar hairy caterpillar, regular monitoring
is essential. Destroy the larvae immediately after notice. |
Major Diseases
and
their Management |
Macrophomina phaseolina diseases (seeding blight, damping off, collar
rot, stem rot and root rot): Anthracnose caused by Col/etorichum
corchorum in C. capsu/aris is a major disease. |
Control measures: |
Seed treatment with Carbendazim (2 g/ kg seed) or Mancozeb (5 g /kg
seed) or Trichoderma. viride (10 g/ kg seed) for protection from M.
phaseolina diseases .
|
Liming @ 2-3 t/ha in soils having pH 5.5 or less - controls root-rot caused
by Rhizoctonia batatico/a (M. phaseolina) |
Application of potash @ 50 kg/ha prevents stem rot (M. phaseolina) and
root rot. |
Improved drainage and crop rotations like jute-paddy in rainfed condition
and Jute-paddy-wheat in irrigated condition is to be followed. |
2 - 3 sprayings ofCarbendazim (0.2%)/ copper oxychloride (0.75%) can
be done depending upon disease intensity. In case of severe infestation
alternate spraying of Carbendazim and Copper oxychloride (10 days
interval) is recommended. |
Stage of harvest |
120 days after sowing (DAS) |
Retting
|
The plants are to be tied in bundles (20-25em) and to be kept in the field for 2-3 days for shedding of leaves in the field. Thereafter, the bundles are to be kept standing in water (30-60 em depth) for 2-3 days for softening of the hard basal portion for uniform retting of the fibre. Few stems of dhaincha (Sesbania sp.) or sunnhemp (Crotalariajuncea) as activators may be placed in each bundle, which can help the multiplication ofretting microbes. The jacks are to be weighted down in water preferably by wood, concrete block etc. avoiding banana stem or earth clods to ensure retting quality. The jack should not touch the bottom of retting tank. Normally fibres are ready for extraction between 12 th and 16th when the temperature of retting water is around 34° C. The reeds, in general, are ready for extraction when the fibres become loose and can easily be peeled off. The fibres should be washed thoroughly in water and sun dried for 2-3 days. Recently CRlJAF has developed a 'Best fibre extractor', which has cut down in the retting duration to 4-5 days as well as water requirement significantly and also improves fibre quality over conventional retting. |
FUTURE THRUSTS FOR JUTE RESEARCH
1. Breeding on both Capsularis and Olitorius jute varieties for high yield, quality fibres and suitable for adverse condition at different agro-climatic condition.
2. Exploitation of hybrid vigour
3. Low cost production technology for dry land and rainfed conditions and high Input production technology for intensive cultivation situation.
4. Mechanization to make cultivation profitable
5. Refining retting process to improve quality of fibres
6. Development of effective integrated nutrient management (lNM) and Integrated pest management (lPM) techniques for jute based cropping system.
Source : Officer-in-Charge, JRS, Jajanga, Kendrapara |
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